Asif, M., Muneer, T., 2007. Energy supply, its demand and security issues for developed and emerging economies. Ren. Sust. Energ. Rev. 11, 1388-1413.
Azbar, N., Cetinkaya Dokgöz, F., Keskin, T., Korkmaz, K.S., Syed, H.M., 2009. Continuous fermentative hydrogen production from cheese whey wastewater under thermophilic anaerobic conditions. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 34, 7441-7447.
Bhaskar, Y.V., Venkata Mohan, S., Sarma, P.N., 2008. Effect of substrate loading rate of chemical wastewater on fermentative biohydrogen production in biofilm configured sequencing batch reactor. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 6941-6948.
Bredell, J.H., 1987. South African coal resources explained and analysed. Geol. Surv. South Africa. 1-39.
Cooper, P., Dimes, J., Rao, K., Shapiro, B., Shiferaw, B., Twomlow, S., 2008. Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: an essential first step in adapting to future climate change? Agri. Eco. Environ. 126, 24-35.
Das, D., Khanna, N., Veziroglu, T.N., 2008. Recent developments in biological hydrogen production processes. Chem. Ind. Chem. Eng. Quart. 14, 57-67.
Das, D., Veziroglu, T.N., 2001. Hydrogen production by biological processes: a survey of literature. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 26, 13-28.
Davila-Vazquez, G., Alatriste-Mondragón, F., de León-Rodríguez, A., Razo-Flores, E., 2008. Fermentative hydrogen production in batch experiments using lactose, cheese whey and glucose: influence of initial substrate concentration and pH. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 33, 4989-4997.
de Jager, F.S.J., 1982. Coal Reserves of the Republic of South Africa, Geological Survey. Bulletin.74, 289-330.
Dong, L., Zhenhong, Y., Yongming, S., Xiaoying, K., Yu, Z., 2009. Hydrogen production characteristics of the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes by anaerobic mixed culture fermentation. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 34, 812-820.
Energy Information Administration. Annual Energy Outlook-2011, with Projections to 2035. Washington DC, USA. Available at http://www.eia.gov/oiaf/aeo/aeoref_tab.html. (accessed on 18 March 2015).
Hartnady, C., 2010. South Africa’s Diminishing Coal Reserves. South African J. Sci. 106,18-22.
International Energy Agency. Annual Energy Report, 2011. Paris, France. Available at http:// www.iea.org/pdf. (accessed on 18 March 2015).
Kapdan, I.K., Kargi, F., 2006. Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials. Enzyme Microb. Technol. 38, 569-582.
Logan, B.E., 2004. Biologically extracting energy from wastewater: biohydrogen production and microbial fuel cells. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38,160-167.
McCartney, G., Hanlon, P., Romanes, F., 2008. Climate change and rising energy costs will change everything: A new mindset and action plan for 21st Century public health. Public Health. 122, 658-663.
Meher Kotay, S., Das, D., 2008. Biohydrogen as a renewable energy resource-prospects and potentials. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 33, 258-263.
Pollet, B., Pasupathi, S., Swart, G., Mouton, K., Lototskyy, M., Williams, M., et al., 2014. Hydrogen South Africa (HySA) Systems Competence Centre: Mission, objectives, technological achievements and breakthroughs. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 3577-3596.
Ru Ying, L., Fang, H.H.P., 2008. Hydrogen production characteristics of photoheterotrophic Rubrivivax gelatinosus L31. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ.33, 974-980.
Schmidhuber, J., Tubiello, F.N., 2007. Global food security under climate change. Pro.Nat. Aca. Sci. 104, 19703-19708.
Sekoai, P.T., Gueguim Kana, E.B., 2013. A two-stage modelling and optimization of biohydrogen production from a mixture of agro-municipal waste. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 38, 8657-8663.
Sekoai, P.T., Gueguim Kana, E.B., 2014. Semi-pilot scale production of hydrogen from Organic Fraction of Solid Municipal Waste and electricity generation from process effluents. Biomass Bioenergy. 60, 156-163.
Stern, N., 2008. The economics of climate change. American Econ. Rev. 98, 1-37.
Venkata Mohan, S., Mohanakrishna, G., Sarma, P.N., 2008. Integration of acidogenic and methanogenic processes for simultaneous production of biohydrogen and methane from wastewater treatment. Int. J. Hydrog. Energ. 33, 2156-2166.
VijayaVenkata, R.S., Iniyan, S., Goic, R., 2012. A review of climate change, mitigation and adaptation. Ren. Sust. Energ. Rev. 16, 878-897.
Wang, H., Fang, M., Fang, Z., Bu, H., 2010. Effects of sludge pretreatments and organic acids on hydrogen production by anaerobic fermentation. Bioresour. Technol. 101, 8731-8735.
World Bank, 2013. Toward a Sustainable Energy Future For All: Directions for the World Bank Group Energy Sector. Geneva, Switzerland. Available at
http://www.wds.worldbank.org. (accessed on 18 March 2015).
Zhang, Y., Zaijuan, W., Hong, Z., Gu, X., Xu, N., 2012. Hydrogen-selective zeolite membrane reactor for low temperature water gas shift reaction. J. Chem. Eng. 197, 314-321.
Zurawski, D., Meyer, M., Stegmann, R., 2005. Fermentative production of biohydrogen from biowaste using digested sewage sludge as inoculum. In: Proceedings of 10th International Waste Management and Landfill Symposium. Cagliari, Italy.