Kinetic comparison of two basic heterogenous catalysts obtained from sustainable resources for transesterification of waste cooking oil

Moradi, G.R.; Mohadesi, M.; Ghanbari, M.; Moradi, M.J.; Hosseini, Sh.; Davoodbeygi, Y.

doi:10.18331/BRJ2015.2.2.5

Kinetic comparison of two basic heterogenous catalysts obtained from sustainable resources for transesterification of waste cooking oil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Catalyst Research Center, Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.

² Chemical Engineering Department, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.

10.18331/BRJ2015.2.2.5

Abstract

Alkaline earth metal oxides are appropriate catalysts for biodiesel production and among them, CaO and MgO are known for possessing the best efficiency. In this study, catalysts synthesized from economical and sustainable resources were used for biodiesel production. More specifically, waste mussel shells and demineralized (DM) water treatment precipitates as calcium and magnesium carbonate sources, were converted into calcium and magnesium oxides at temperatures above 900 ^oC. Methanol and waste cooking oil were reacted in a 250 mL two-necked flask at 24:1 and 22.5:1 ratios in presence of 12 and 9.08 wt% of mussel shell-based and DM water treatment precipitates-based catalysts, respectively. The effects of temperature (328, 333, 338, 343 and 348 K) and time (1, 3, 5, 7 and 8 h) at a stirrer speed of 350 rpm on the conversion of the oil into biodiesel were investigated. The results obtained indicated a pseudo-first order kinetics for the transesterification reaction using both catalysts. The activation energies in the presence of the DM water treatment precipitates and mussel shell catalysts were measured at 77.09 and 79.83 kJ.mol^-1, respectively. Accordingly, the DM water treatment precipitates catalyst resulted in a faster reaction due to its lower activation energy value. Moreover, the catalysts were reused five times and the results obtained showed that the methanol-driven extraction of CaO contained in the DM water treatment precipitates catalyst was lower than the waste mussel shell catalyst proving the higher stability of the new heterogeneous catalyst i.e. the calcinated DM water treatment precipitates.

Graphical Abstract

Keywords

References

Birla, A., Singh, B., Upadhyay, S.N., Sharma, Y.C., 2012. Kinetics studies of synthesis of biodiesel from waste frying oil using a heterogeneous catalyst derived from snail shell. Bioresour. Technol. 106, 95-100.

Boey, P.L., Maniam, G.P., Hamid, S.A., 2011. Performance of calcium oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production: A review. Chem. Eng. J. 168, 15-22.
Davoodbeygi, Y., 2013. Kinetic of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production using natural catalysts. M.Sc. thesis, Razi University.
Di Serio, M., Tesser, R., Pengmei, L., Santacesaria, E., 2008. Heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production. Energ. Fuels. 22, 207-217.
Dossin, T.F., Reyniers, M.F., Marin, G.B., 2006. Kinetics of heterogeneously MgO-catalyzed transesterification. Appl. Catal., B. 61, 35-45.
Encinar, J.M., Sanchez, N., Martinez, G., Garcia, L., 2011. Study of biodiesel production from animal fats with high free fatty acid content. Bioresour. Technol. 102, 10907-10914.
Endalew, A.K., Kiros, Y., Zanzi, R., 2011. Inorganic heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from vegetable oils. Biomass Bioenerg. 35, 3787-3809.
Freedman, B., Butterfield, R.O., Pryde, E.H., 1986. Transesterification kinetics of soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 63, 1375-1380.
Freedman, B., Pryde, E.H., Mounts, T.L., 1984. Variables affecting the yields of fatty esters from transesterified vegetable oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 61, 1638-1643.
Gaikwad, N.D., Gogate, P.R., 2015. Synthesis and application of carbon based heterogeneous catalysts for ultrasound assisted biodiesel production. Green Process. Synth. 4, 17-30.
Gole, V.L., Gogate, P.R., 2012a. A review on intensification of synthesis of biodiesel from sustainable feed stock using sonochemical reactors. Chem. Eng. Process. 53, 1-9.
Gole, V.L., Gogate, P.R., 2012b. Intensification of synthesis of biodiesel from nonedible oils using sonochemical reactors. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 11866-11874.
Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Yamanaka, S., Hidaka, J., 2008. Active phase of calcium oxide used as solid base catalyst for transesterification of soybean oil with refluxing methanol. Appl. Catal., A. 334, 357-365.
Lin, C.Y., Cheng, H.H., 2012. Application of mesoporous catalysts over palm-oil biodiesel for adjusting fuel properties. Energ. Convers. Manage. 53, 128-134.
Liu, H., Su, L., Liu, F., Li, C., Solomon, U.U., 2011. Cinder supported K2CO3 as catalyst for biodiesel production. Appl. Catal., B. 106, 550-558.
Maddikeri, G.L., Pandit, A.B., Gogate, P.R., 2012. Intensification approaches for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 14610-14628.
Omar, W.N.N.W., Amin, N.A.S., 2011. Optimization of heterogeneous biodiesel production from waste cooking palm oil via response surface methodology. Biomass Bioenerg. 35, 1329-1338.
Pukale, D.D., Maddikeri, G.L., Gogate, P.R., Pandit, A.B., Pratap, A.P., 2015. Ultrasound assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using heterogeneous solid catalyst. Ultra. Sonochem. 22, 278-286.
Rezaei, R., Mohadesi, M., Moradi, G.R., 2013. Optimization of biodiesel production using waste mussel shell catalyst. Fuel. 109, 534-541.
Sharma, Y.C., Singh, B., Korstad, J., 2011. Latest developments on application of heterogenous basic catalysts for an efficient and eco friendly synthesis of biodiesel: A review. Fuel. 90, 1309-1324.
Singh, A.K., Fernando, S.D., 2007. Reaction kinetics of soybean oil transesterification using heterogeneous metal oxide catalysts. Chem. Eng. Technol. 30, 1716-1720.
Taufiq-Yap, Y.H., Lee, H.V., Hussein, M.Z., Yunus, R., 2011. Calcium-based mixed oxide catalysts for methanolysis of Jatropha curcas oil to biodiesel. Biomass Bioenerg. 35, 827-834.
Veljkovic, V.B., Stamenkovic, O.S., Todorovic, Z.B., Lazic, M.L., Skala, D.U., 2009. Kinetics of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by calcium oxide. Fuel. 88, 1554-1562.
Vujicic, D.J., Comic, D., Zarubica, A., Micic, R., Boskovi, G., 2010. Kinetics of biodiesel synthesis from sunflower oil over CaO heterogeneous catalyst. Fuel. 89, 2054-2061.
Yin, X., Ma, H., You, Q., Wang, Z., Chang, J., 2012. Comparison of four different enhancing methods for preparing biodiesel through transesterification of sunflower oil. Appl. Energ. 91, 320-325.
Zhang, L., Sheng, B., Xin, Z., Liu, Q., Sun, S., 2010. Kinetics of transesterification of palm oil and dimethyl carbonate for biodiesel production at the catalysis of