Nanomaterials and their role in advancing biodiesel feedstock production: A comprehensive review

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

1 Henan Province International Collaboration Lab of Forest Resources Utilization, School of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

2 Biofuel Research Journal (BRTeam), Terengganu, Malaysia.

3 Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.

4 Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

5 College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China.

6 Department Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Forest Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.

7 Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

8 Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center for the Safety of Pressure Vessel and Pipeline, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.

9 Laboratory on Convective Heat and Mass Transfer, Tomsk State University, 634045, Tomsk, Russia.

10 School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, P.O. Box 611731, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, China.

11 School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.

12 Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

13 Division of Engineering, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada.

14 Sustainable Development Study Centre, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.

15 Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies (CEES), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

16 Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

17 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.

18 Department of Mechanical Engineering of Agricultural Machinery, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

19 Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India.

Abstract

Sustainable socio-economic development largely depends on the sustainability of the energy supply from economic, environmental, and public health perspectives. Fossil fuel combustion only meets the first element of this equation and is hence rendered unsustainable. Biofuels are advantageous from a public health perspective, but their environmental and economic sustainability might be questioned considering the conflicts surrounding their feedstocks, including land use change and fuel vs. food conflict. Therefore, it is imperative to put more effort into addressing the downsides of biofuel production using advanced technologies, such as nanotechnology. In light of that, this review strives to scrutinize the latest developments in the application of nanotechnology in producing biodiesel, a promising alternative to fossil diesel with proven environmental and health benefits. The main focus is placed on nanotechnology applications in the feedstock production stage. First, the latest findings concerning the application of nanomaterials as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides to improve the performance of oil crops are presented and critically discussed. Then, the most promising results reported recently on applying nanotechnology to boost biomass and oil production by microalgae and facilitating microalgae harvesting are reviewed and mechanistically explained. Finally, the promises held by nanomaterials to enhance animal fat production in livestock, poultry, and aquaculture systems are elaborated. Despite the favorable features of using nanotechnology in biodiesel feedstock production, the presence of nanoparticles in living systems is also associated with important health and environmental challenges, which are critically covered and discussed in this work.

Graphical Abstract

Nanomaterials and their role in advancing biodiesel feedstock production: A comprehensive review

Highlights

  • The potential of nanotechnology in biodiesel feedstock production is critically discussed.
  • The use of nanofertilizers and nanopesticides in oil crop breeding is fully illustrated.
  • Nanomaterials for boosting microalgal oil yield and biomass harvesting are scrutinized.
  • Health/ecological aspects of nanomaterials in biodiesel feedstock production are covered.

Keywords


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